**3rd-party** contracts act like a "slim Layer 2", in the sense that they are only processed, but have no concepts of consensus, blocks, transactions, etc. like a normal contract would. They essentially act like a "daemon" of sorts, running atop the main chain (just like a Layer 2), reading transactions made on it and reacting accordingly if said transaction happens to call it. The transaction is executed and the contract publishes the results back on the main chain (e.g. a user sent tokens to a 3rd-party exchange contract, once the transaction is confirmed on the main chain the contract will read the data field and execute its own logic, then send the exchanged tokens back on the main chain as its own transaction).
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