diff --git a/subtitles/5. Drawing.srt b/subtitles/5. Drawing.srt index cc881f1..2431c88 100644 --- a/subtitles/5. Drawing.srt +++ b/subtitles/5. Drawing.srt @@ -2041,7 +2041,7 @@ but we don't really talk about it. Now this hierarchy of 409 00:20:55,955 --> 00:20:59,723 views inside views, you build in Xcode in interface builder. -层级结构是需要你们在 Xcode 中的 interface builder 构建的， +层级结构是需要你们在 Xcode 中的 interface builder 构建的 410 00:20:59,792 --> 00:21:02,392 @@ -2761,7 +2761,7 @@ let's talk about the coordinate system we're gonna 553 00:28:26,705 --> 00:28:30,306 be drawing in here. The most important thing to know -坐标系。 +坐标系 554 00:28:30,375 --> 00:28:34,444 @@ -5422,7 +5422,7 @@ the string.index range. It can crunch on that and change it 1085 00:55:44,741 --> 00:55:48,109 into an NSRange that will work in an NSAttributedString. -将它转化可以用于 NSAttributedString 的 NSRange， +将它转化可以用于 NSAttributedString 的 NSRange 1086 00:55:48,178 --> 00:55:49,778 @@ -5997,1474 +5997,1843 @@ the app icon was. Well, you can drag other images in 1200 01:01:51,607 --> 01:01:54,308 there, and along the left hand side will be all the names +此时左手边将会出现它们的名字 1201 01:01:54,377 --> 01:01:57,012 of them, and then you can call this method right here, +然后你就可以在这里调用方法 1202 01:01:57,080 --> 01:01:59,881 UIImage named whatever, and it'll go look in that assets +UIImage(named: String)，这个方法会去查看 assets 里面的东西 1203 01:01:59,950 --> 01:02:01,950 thing, and find an image with that name. +并且根据名字找到图片 1204 01:02:02,019 --> 01:02:04,386 Now, this is a failable initializer. +这可能是一个无效的初始化方式 1205 01:02:04,454 --> 01:02:08,089 It can return nil, and that's because it might not find +这个方法可能返回 nil，那是因为它可能在 assets 里没有找到 1206 01:02:08,157 --> 01:02:11,927 that particular image in there. So you have to say +那个特殊的图片。因此你会说 1207 01:02:11,995 --> 01:02:15,497 usually if let to do that. How else can you get an image? +如果我们都这样做。我们是如何获取到图片的呢？ 1208 01:02:15,565 --> 01:02:16,965 Well, you can get one from the file system. +你可以通过文件系统来得到一张图片 1209 01:02:17,034 --> 01:02:18,633 You've got a jpg in the file system. +你已经在文件系统里得到了一个张图片 1210 01:02:18,701 --> 01:02:20,568 I hadn't told you how to access the file system, so +我并没有告诉你如何访问文件系统，因此 1211 01:02:20,637 --> 01:02:22,670 you're not gonna be doing that. I'll show you later. +你不能通过文件系统来访问。之后我会展示给你看 1212 01:02:22,739 --> 01:02:25,306 You can also get it if you have a bag of bits that you +你也可以通过互联网的 bits 包得到图片 1213 01:02:25,375 --> 01:02:28,409 got over the Internet. The data that has a bags of bits +这里有一个 jpg 数据类型的 bit 包 1214 01:02:28,478 --> 01:02:31,312 with jpg data in there. UIImage knows how to look in +UIImage 知道如何查看这个 bits 包 1215 01:02:31,381 --> 01:02:33,648 that bag of bits and figure out if it's an image. +并且能够看出是否是一张图片 1216 01:02:33,717 --> 01:02:36,585 You can even use this global function, +你甚至也可以使用这个全局函数 1217 01:02:36,653 --> 01:02:40,121 UIGraphicsBeginImageContext, and then draw arcs and +UIGraphicsBeginImageContext，然后画圆弧跟线条 1218 01:02:40,190 --> 01:02:42,791 lines, and it'll capture it as an image. So +方法将以图片的形式捕获它。因此 1219 01:02:42,859 --> 01:02:46,127 you can even draw a custom image if you want. So anyway, +如果你想的话你可以自定义一个图片画出来。无论如何 1220 01:02:46,196 --> 01:02:47,161 you do one of these things, and +你做了这些事情中的一个 1221 01:02:47,230 --> 01:02:49,897 now you have a UIImage in your hand that represents the image +现在你手上就有了一个 UIImage 它代表了 1222 01:02:49,966 --> 01:02:51,967 you wanna draw. How do you draw it? +你想要画的那张图片。你怎样把它画出来呢？ 1223 01:02:52,035 --> 01:02:55,069 Exactly the same as NS attributed string, you just +确切的说就像是 NS attributed string，你仅仅 1224 01:02:55,138 --> 01:02:58,839 use draw(at), which will draw the image with its upper-left +使用 draw(at) 方法就可以，这个方法会从坐标系的左上角开始 1225 01:02:58,908 --> 01:03:02,510 corner at that point, but you also can do draw(in rect, and +画图，但是你也可以使用 draw(in rect) 方法 1226 01:03:02,579 --> 01:03:05,146 it'll scale the image to fit in that rect. +它将会在那个矩形的范围内进行缩放 1227 01:03:05,215 --> 01:03:08,049 So that's a cool way to scale your image up and down, and +所以这是一个很好的用来放大或者缩小图像的方法 1228 01:03:08,118 --> 01:03:10,585 you can do drawAsPattern which will tally your image +你可以用 drawAsPattern 方法来重复你的图片 1229 01:03:10,653 --> 01:03:14,089 repeatedly, repeat you image to fill the rectangle. +重复你的图片来填充矩形 1230 01:03:15,892 --> 01:03:19,227 Super easy to draw images as well. +画一张图是如此的简单 1231 01:03:19,295 --> 01:03:21,796 All right, let's talk about your bounds changing. +好的，让我们来谈论一下 bounds 的改变 1232 01:03:21,865 --> 01:03:25,767 I've got my draw rect. It draw beautifully, but now my bounds +我已经得到了画图的矩形范围，它可以画出漂亮的图片，但是现在我的 bounds 发生了 1233 01:03:25,836 --> 01:03:30,571 changed, and when will this happen? Well, number one way, +改变，接下来会发生什么呢？其中的一种方式 1234 01:03:30,640 --> 01:03:33,808 your device got rotated. They were looking at you in +你的设备被旋转了 1235 01:03:33,877 --> 01:03:37,345 portrait, they rotate you. Now you also went from this tall, +你旋转了设备。现在从一个高的 1236 01:03:37,414 --> 01:03:40,915 thin view, now you're this wide, very short view, okay, +瘦的视图，变现变成了宽的，矮的视图 1237 01:03:40,984 --> 01:03:43,051 your bounds have completely changed. +你的 bounds 完全地改变了 1238 01:03:43,120 --> 01:03:47,088 You went from a width of maybe 200 to a width of maybe 700, +你从大约 200 宽度变成了 700 宽度 1239 01:03:47,156 --> 01:03:50,925 and from a height of maybe 3 or 400 to a height of 150 or +从 300 或者 400 高度变成了 150 或者 200 高度 1240 01:03:50,994 --> 01:03:53,327 200, so that's a major change. +这是一个多么大的变化 1241 01:03:53,396 --> 01:03:56,263 You're gonna have to really redraw all of your stuff, +你得重新画你所有的东西 1242 01:03:56,332 --> 01:04:00,401 usually. Unfortunately, that's not the default. In iOS, +通常来说是这样。不幸的是，并没有这样的默认方法。在 iOS 中 1243 01:04:00,470 --> 01:04:03,705 when you're bounds change like that, it does not redraw you, +当你的 bounds 像刚才那样发生改变时，它并没有进行重画 1244 01:04:03,773 --> 01:04:08,843 believe or not. It takes all your bits And squishes them. +信不信由你。它把你所有的视图都压在一起 1245 01:04:08,912 --> 01:04:11,312 So looks absolutely terrible most of the time. +因此视图在大多数时候看起来非常糟糕 1246 01:04:11,381 --> 01:04:13,781 To smashes a bit, squishes them down, +把视图压扁 1247 01:04:13,850 --> 01:04:17,351 stretches them out to fit your new bounds. +拉伸他们来适应新的 bounds 1248 01:04:17,420 --> 01:04:20,588 Which you almost never want that. So how is that control? +你几乎不想要这么做。那么如何控制呢？ 1249 01:04:20,657 --> 01:04:23,825 That's control with a var in UIView called contentMode. +在 UIView 中的一个名叫 contentMode 的变量来控制它 1250 01:04:23,893 --> 01:04:25,493 Okay, and the contentMode's just basically saying, +contentMode 的基本意思是 1251 01:04:25,562 --> 01:04:27,362 what kind of content do I have? Do I have the kind of +我需要的是哪一种 content?哪一种 content 1252 01:04:27,430 --> 01:04:30,231 content that can be squished and scrunched like that, and +在被压扁或者拉伸的情况下 1253 01:04:30,300 --> 01:04:32,367 still look good? Or do I have the kind of content where I +仍然看起来效果不错？或者是说 1254 01:04:32,435 --> 01:04:34,502 have to be redrawn when my balance changes? +当我的平衡被打破时使用哪一种 content 进行重画？ 1255 01:04:34,571 --> 01:04:38,005 So, the three different categories of contentModes. +因此，contentMode 有三种不同的分类 1256 01:04:38,074 --> 01:04:41,776 One is, keep my bits, okay, don't redraw me, but just move +其中一个，保持我的元素不变，不需要进行重画，仅仅移动 1257 01:04:41,845 --> 01:04:46,281 my bits, unscaled, to a new position, upper left, top, +元素，不伸缩，移动到一个新的位置，左上角，顶部 1258 01:04:46,350 --> 01:04:48,616 lower right, keep it in the center, whatever. +右下角，使元素保持到中间，在任何时候 1259 01:04:48,684 --> 01:04:51,486 This one not almost never get used. Then they're scaling +这种方式几乎不被使用到。scaleToFill 默认对 1260 01:04:51,555 --> 01:04:54,589 the bits which is scaleToFill as the default where it just +元素进行缩放通过压缩元素 1261 01:04:54,658 --> 01:04:57,958 scrunches the bits to fit in the new space. It doesn't even +来适应新的空间。甚至 1262 01:04:58,027 --> 01:05:01,395 respect the aspect ratio. But you could set the contentMode +不保持纵横比。你也可以设置一种 contentMode 1263 01:05:01,464 --> 01:05:04,532 to scores the bit but keep the aspect ratio the same size so +尽量显示更多的元素但是要保持横纵比 1264 01:05:04,600 --> 01:05:07,635 that a face doesn't go from, you know, an over as way to +因此可能部分地方不能够展示，你知道的，就像越过一条很长的路 1265 01:05:07,704 --> 01:05:11,906 a tall over or whatever. But the one you guys probably +或者什么。但是你们中的一些人 1266 01:05:11,975 --> 01:05:15,643 are gonna want most of the time is ContentMode redraw. +大部分时间想要的 ContentMode 是 redraw 1267 01:05:15,712 --> 01:05:18,613 And what that means is, when my bounds change, +它的意思是，当我的 bounds 发生改变 1268 01:05:18,682 --> 01:05:22,183 call my draw Rect and let me draw myself again, and +调用我的 drawRect 方法并且让我自己画自己一遍 1269 01:05:22,252 --> 01:05:24,552 that's probably what you want. +这个可能是你需要的 1270 01:05:24,620 --> 01:05:26,754 Could you draw rect knows what your bounds are and +draw rect 方法知道 bounds 是什么 1271 01:05:26,823 --> 01:05:29,023 when it gets called, it can draw something appropriate for +当它被调用的时候，它可以在 bound 范围内画出 1272 01:05:29,092 --> 01:05:32,293 the bounds you read. So like in your homework, for example, +适合你阅读的的东西。就像你的家庭作业一样，例如 1273 01:05:32,361 --> 01:05:34,895 well maybe your homework is not a great example because +也许你的家庭作业并不是一个很好的例子 1274 01:05:34,964 --> 01:05:37,231 probably, the big views that are changing bound +大的视图改变了 bound 1275 01:05:37,300 --> 01:05:39,800 it's your subviews that you are gonna want to lay out, +你想要重新排版的子视图也发生了改变 1276 01:05:39,869 --> 01:05:42,270 which I will talk about again. But if you did have a thing +我将会再讲一遍。但是如果你做了一些事情 1277 01:05:42,339 --> 01:05:43,905 where you are drawing something in a view, +比如你在视图上画了一些东西 1278 01:05:43,973 --> 01:05:46,374 like maybe we are doing our cards and concentration. And +就像是我们已经完成的 cards 和 concentration 1279 01:05:46,442 --> 01:05:48,910 we always want them, to be a certain aspect ratio, +我们总是想让它们这样，保持横纵比 1280 01:05:48,978 --> 01:05:52,781 whatever, we could redraw, in our draw Rect or whatever, +无论如何，我们能够重画，在 draw Rect 方法中或者任何地方 1281 01:05:52,849 --> 01:05:54,783 it's probably not a great example. +这可能不是一个好的例子 1282 01:05:54,851 --> 01:05:56,651 In fact, let's go on to the next example which is, +事实上，让我们继续下一个例子 1283 01:05:56,720 --> 01:05:58,319 what happens if I have subviews and +如果我有子视图并且 1284 01:05:58,388 --> 01:06:00,955 my bounds change? Cuz this is gonna happen in your homework. +我的 bounds 发生了改变之后会发生什么呢？因为这些将要在你的家庭作业中发生 1285 01:06:01,024 --> 01:06:03,024 You're gonna have some views, you're just gonna have +你将会有一些视图，你仅仅有 1286 01:06:03,093 --> 01:06:06,460 a subview which is a lot of cards, your set cards. Because +一个有很多卡片的子视图，你把卡片放到上面 1287 01:06:06,529 --> 01:06:09,130 in assignment three, now there's no limit on the number +在作业三中 1288 01:06:09,199 --> 01:06:11,432 of cards that can appear on screen, right? +屏幕上出现多少卡片是没有限制的，对吗？ 1289 01:06:11,501 --> 01:06:14,635 In assignment two, we limited to like 24 cards as the most. +在作业二中，我们限制了最多 24 张卡片 1290 01:06:14,704 --> 01:06:17,271 Now no limit, so you're always adding more cards. So, +现在没有限制，因此你总是可以添加更多的卡片。因此 1291 01:06:17,340 --> 01:06:20,241 you're gonna have to use, put them as subviews of some view. +你必须使用，让一些视图变成子视图 1292 01:06:20,310 --> 01:06:22,744 You can't stack view anymore, in other words. +换句话说，你不能再继续叠加视图了 1293 01:06:22,813 --> 01:06:24,345 So what happens when your bounds change there? +当你的 bounds 发生改的的时候发生了什么？ 1294 01:06:24,414 --> 01:06:25,980 Well, when your bounds change, +当你的 bounds 改变时 1295 01:06:26,048 --> 01:06:28,682 you're gonna get sent this message layoutSubviews. +你会收到 layoutSubviews 这个消息 1296 01:06:28,751 --> 01:06:32,486 And that's an opportunity for you to go reset the frames by +这对你来说是一个可以重置 frames 的机会 1297 01:06:32,555 --> 01:06:36,390 just changing the frame var on all of your subviews, okay. +通过改变所有子视图上的 frame 变量，好的 1298 01:06:36,459 --> 01:06:38,225 So, you're all, if you have subviews, +所有都是，如果你有很多子视图 1299 01:06:38,294 --> 01:06:40,561 you're almost always gonna implement this method. +几乎所有的子视图都要实现这个方法 1300 01:06:40,630 --> 01:06:43,931 And don't forget to call super to do it. Now, what's the one +并且不要忘记调用它的父类方法。现在，万一 1301 01:06:44,000 --> 01:06:46,067 time when you're not gonna implement this method? +你并没有实现这个方法呢？ 1302 01:06:46,135 --> 01:06:49,137 Is if you have subviews and you have autolayout on those +如果你有很多子视图并且 1303 01:06:49,205 --> 01:06:52,974 subviews, okay. If you have autolayout on your subviews, +子视图上使用了 autolayout。如果你的子视图上使用了autolayout 1304 01:06:53,042 --> 01:06:55,676 then the Autolayout constrains will determine where +Autolayout 上的限制条件将会决定 1305 01:06:55,745 --> 01:06:59,013 the new frames are, okay. So this would only be for +新的 frames 是什么样的。也有可能只有 1306 01:06:59,082 --> 01:07:01,483 views where you're not using autolayout. +视图并没有使用 autolayout 1307 01:07:03,186 --> 01:07:05,386 that might be true of your assignment three, +那就可能像你的作业三一样 1308 01:07:05,454 --> 01:07:08,322 whatever view contains your card, probably not gonna use +无论什么视图拥有你的卡片，很可能没有使用 1309 01:07:08,391 --> 01:07:11,025 autolayout. It will be almost impossible to write +autolayout。几乎不可能写出 1310 01:07:11,094 --> 01:07:12,726 constraints that would work for +限制来实现 1311 01:07:12,795 --> 01:07:15,964 laying out an arbitrary number of cards in arbitrary bounds, +任意大小任意数量的卡片实现自动布局 1312 01:07:16,032 --> 01:07:19,433 okay. You're probably gonna wanna do that in code. Okay, +你可能想在代码中做到这一点 1313 01:07:19,502 --> 01:07:21,268 so when your bounds change, you've got two different +当你的 bounds 改变时，你需要考虑 1314 01:07:21,337 --> 01:07:23,504 things to think about. If you have any subviews, +两个不同的事情。如果你有一些子视图 1315 01:07:23,572 --> 01:07:26,540 layout subviews or autolayout. And if you draw something, +调用 layoutSubviews 或者使用 autolayout。如果你画了一些东西 1316 01:07:26,609 --> 01:07:28,342 then you've gotta think about your content mode on whether +你必须考虑你的内容是否 1317 01:07:28,411 --> 01:07:33,081 you wanna be asked to redraw. Okay, so that's it for +想要被重新绘制。好的，这就是今天要展示的 1318 01:07:33,149 --> 01:07:36,184 the slides today, I'm gonna into demo here. +幻灯片。我将会在这里展示一个示例 1319 01:07:36,252 --> 01:07:39,320 The demo I'm gonna do is a playing card. So this is gonna +我接下来展示的示例是个卡牌游戏。因此将要 1320 01:07:39,389 --> 01:07:41,655 be a new app, and it's just gonna draw a playing card, +创建一个新的 app，我们将要画一个卡牌 1321 01:07:41,724 --> 01:07:44,158 you know, like jack of clubs, six of hearts, whatever, +你知道的，像是梅花 J，红心 6，或者什么的 1322 01:07:44,226 --> 01:07:46,928 it's gonna draw that card. We're gonna draw that custom, +卡片上将要画上这些。我们将自己规定怎么画 1323 01:07:46,996 --> 01:07:49,864 by ourselves. And today, all I am gonna do in the demo is +通过我们自己。今天，我将要在示例中展示的是 1324 01:07:49,932 --> 01:07:53,067 the model of that MVC that draws the playing card, which +卡牌游戏项目中 MVC 部分中的模型，它是 1325 01:07:53,136 --> 01:07:55,936 is gonna be a playing card and a deck of playing cards. +卡牌游戏中的扑克牌 1326 01:07:56,005 --> 01:07:58,673 And the reason I'm gonna do that is I wanna show you enum. +我想这么做的原因是我想要给你们展示一下枚举 1327 01:07:58,741 --> 01:08:01,709 You haven't grab a chance to see me demo enum. So +在之前的示例中你没有机会看到枚举。因此 1328 01:08:01,777 --> 01:08:05,413 we're gonna use enums in our implementation of our model. +我们将要在我们的模型中使用枚举 1329 01:08:05,482 --> 01:08:08,316 On Wednesday, I'll continue with the drawing part of this +星期三的时候，我将继续这个示例中的绘画部分 1330 01:08:08,385 --> 01:08:10,451 demo or I'm gonna draw this playing card. +或者我将继续画扑克牌 1331 01:08:10,520 --> 01:08:12,619 And then I'll do some slides on multitouch and +我将会做一些关于多点触控的幻灯片 1332 01:08:12,688 --> 01:08:15,589 then we'll add some multitouch to the playing cards, swiping +之后再扑克牌上添加多点触控的功能 1333 01:08:15,658 --> 01:08:18,259 to go to the next card, we'll do tapping the flip the card +可以滑到另一张卡，也可以点击将卡片反面 1334 01:08:18,328 --> 01:08:21,162 over, that kind of stuff. Okay, your assignment two +还有各种各样的功能。好的，你的作业二 1335 01:08:21,231 --> 01:08:22,930 of course is due on Wednesday as you know. +需要在周三完成 1336 01:08:22,999 --> 01:08:25,533 Assignment three will be assigned on Wednesday. +作业三也需要周三晚成 1337 01:08:25,601 --> 01:08:29,002 It's just to make your set game custom cards, okay, +它仅仅是让你自定义设置几个扑克牌 1338 01:08:29,071 --> 01:08:30,204 drawn with a custom view, +用一个自定义视图来画 1339 01:08:30,272 --> 01:08:33,140 that's what assignment three is basically about. We don't +这是作业三的基本内容 1340 01:08:33,209 --> 01:08:35,576 have a Friday section again this week, unfortunately, +这周五我们没有课程 1341 01:08:35,645 --> 01:08:37,244 due to some scheduling conflicts, but +因为其他课程冲突 1342 01:08:37,313 --> 01:08:39,847 next Friday we will and it'll be on source code management. +周五我们将要学习代码管理 1343 01:08:39,916 --> 01:08:44,886 Okay, let's go create a new app here. +好，让我们来创建一个新的 app 1344 01:08:46,689 --> 01:08:49,623 Okay, so I'm just gonna go over here, use this same +好的，幻灯片先到这里，使用相同的 1345 01:08:49,692 --> 01:08:52,894 splash screen but I gonna say create a new Xcode project, +屏幕但是展示的是我将要创建一个新的 Xcode 项目 1346 01:08:52,963 --> 01:08:55,930 this has nothing to do with concentration here. +在 concentration 这个项目中已经没有需要做的了 1347 01:08:55,998 --> 01:08:57,631 As always with the single view app, +更往常一样选择 single view app 1348 01:08:57,700 --> 01:08:59,934 I'm gonna call this app PlayingCard. +这个app被命名为 PlayingCard 1349 01:09:00,003 --> 01:09:01,369 That's what it does to show it's a PlayingCard. +这么做是想让人明白这是个卡牌游戏 1350 01:09:01,438 --> 01:09:04,571 We're not doing any database, we're not doing testing yet. +我们不需要对数据库进行操作，我们也不需要测试 1351 01:09:04,640 --> 01:09:07,175 We're gonna put in the same place I put concentration, +我们把它放到与 concentration 项目同级目录下 1352 01:09:07,244 --> 01:09:09,143 we're not doing source code control yet, +我们也不需要源码控制 1353 01:09:09,212 --> 01:09:11,011 although like I'm saying next Friday, +我下星期五会讲 1354 01:09:11,080 --> 01:09:14,381 we'll learn about that. Here's my project, +我们将在那时进行学习。这就是我的项目 1355 01:09:14,450 --> 01:09:16,784 now this time I'm gonna keep my xcassets, +现在我打开了 xcassets 1356 01:09:16,853 --> 01:09:19,887 right, here's my xcassets where my AppIcon is here. +这是我的 xcassets 用来放置APP的图标 1357 01:09:19,956 --> 01:09:22,090 I'm gonna keep that because I'm gonna use some images for +我会一直打开它因为我要放置扑克牌的 1358 01:09:22,158 --> 01:09:25,259 the face cards. So you can see how to draw images there. +封面在里面。因此你可以在这里看到如何画一张图 1359 01:09:25,328 --> 01:09:27,428 But I'm not gonna use my launch screen or +我们不使用启动屏幕或者 app delegate 1360 01:09:27,496 --> 01:09:29,930 my app delegate here. So I'm just gonna put them again in +app delegate。因此我将再次将他们放到 1361 01:09:29,999 --> 01:09:33,401 supporting files. I just like to get them out of the way so +supporting files 里面。我只想让他们离开我的视线 1362 01:09:33,470 --> 01:09:36,971 they don't really kind of demand my attention. +这样我就不会注意到他们了 1363 01:09:37,040 --> 01:09:42,543 Now, before I even go here and build my UI for +现在，在为我的扑克牌游戏建立 UI 之前 1364 01:09:42,611 --> 01:09:45,779 my playing card thing, we're gonna go do our model first. +我们要先建立模型 1365 01:09:45,848 --> 01:09:47,181 So we're not gonna do any UI to start, +我们不会从 UI 开始做任何工作 1366 01:09:47,250 --> 01:09:49,783 we're gonna do model first. So how do we create model files? +我们从模型开始。我们怎么创建一个模型文件呢？ 1367 01:09:49,852 --> 01:09:53,154 Remember, File > New > File, and we pick this one right +记住，File > New > File，我们点击这个文件 1368 01:09:53,223 --> 01:09:56,123 here, Swift File which is a non-UI, right, a UI +Swift File 不会包含任何的UI，UI是一个 1369 01:09:56,192 --> 01:09:59,527 independent thing. And when we do that, we ask for the name, +独立的事情。当我们做这些的时候，我们需要一个文件名 1370 01:09:59,596 --> 01:10:02,996 so let's first start by doing a playing card. Okay, now on +让我们从做一个扑克牌开始。现在 1371 01:10:03,065 --> 01:10:05,266 my model, it's just gonna be a deck of playing cards. +这是我的模型，它将会变成一副扑克牌 1372 01:10:05,335 --> 01:10:08,035 So these are gonna be UI independent representations +这就是一副UI界面无关 1373 01:10:08,104 --> 01:10:10,338 of playing cards, a deck of that. So +的扑克牌 1374 01:10:10,406 --> 01:10:12,240 we'll start with the playing cards itself and +我们将会从扑克牌本身开始 1375 01:10:12,308 --> 01:10:14,575 then we'll do the deck. So here it is right here, +来造一副扑克牌。这里是正确的 1376 01:10:14,644 --> 01:10:17,144 import Foundation, I'm just gonna have it via struct, +导入 Foundation，创建一个结构体 1377 01:10:17,213 --> 01:10:20,214 there's really no reason for it to be a reference type. And +在这里没有理由使用关联值类型 1378 01:10:20,283 --> 01:10:22,149 it's going to be a playing card. Now, +我们开始制作扑克牌。现在 1379 01:10:22,218 --> 01:10:26,119 a playing card is made of what? Well, it's got a suit, +扑克牌是什么制作的的呢？它有花色 1380 01:10:26,188 --> 01:10:30,290 which I'm gonna have some type for that, and it's got a rank. +我要在这里定义花色类型，还有牌面大小 1381 01:10:30,359 --> 01:10:35,063 Right, that's all there is in a playing card, suit and rank. +这就是扑克牌中的所有东西了，花色和拍卖你大小 1382 01:10:35,131 --> 01:10:37,765 So how are we gonna represent suit and rank? +我们怎样代表花色和牌面大小呢？ 1383 01:10:37,833 --> 01:10:39,967 Well, of course, because I wanted to show you enum, +当然，因为我想给你们展示枚举 1384 01:10:40,036 --> 01:10:43,537 l'm gonna do it with an enum. So, let's create an enum for +所以我将用枚举来实现。因此，让我们通过枚举来创建 1385 01:10:43,606 --> 01:10:47,408 the Suit. And then we're also gonna create another enum for +花色。我们也会用枚举来创建 1386 01:10:47,477 --> 01:10:51,412 the Rank. Now let's talk about how we would do this. +牌面大小。现在我们讨论一下应该怎么做 1387 01:10:51,480 --> 01:10:54,815 Now, Suit is probably the world's simplest enum, right? +现在，花色可能是世界上最简单的枚举，不是吗？ 1388 01:10:54,884 --> 01:10:58,853 It's the case, it could be spades, or it's hearts, or +就是这样，它有黑桃，红心 1389 01:10:58,922 --> 01:11:03,590 it's diamonds, or it's clubs, that's it. +方片，梅花，这些东西 1390 01:11:03,659 --> 01:11:06,427 This is probably enough right here. That's really all +这里的这些可能够了。这些 1391 01:11:06,496 --> 01:11:09,496 we need to do for an enum. I'm gonna take this opportunity +就是我们枚举索要列出来的。我将要趁这个机会 1392 01:11:09,565 --> 01:11:11,398 to teach you a little bit about enum that +告诉你一些关于枚举的东西 1393 01:11:11,467 --> 01:11:13,234 I didn't mention even in the slides. +之前在幻灯片里没有提及到的 1394 01:11:13,303 --> 01:11:17,071 But it was in your homework reading, so hopefully you got +但是这些在你的阅读作业中有，所以希望你 1395 01:11:17,139 --> 01:11:20,508 this which is raw values. What are raw values in an enum? +已经了解了原始值的知识。原始值的枚举是什么呢？ 1396 01:11:20,576 --> 01:11:25,046 Well, it turns out that you can associate a fixed +它的意思是你可以关联一个 1397 01:11:25,115 --> 01:11:30,117 constant raw value for every one of your cases. +固定的常量值为每一个 case 1398 01:11:30,186 --> 01:11:32,653 Okay, now, Swift will even do some of this automatically. +现在，Swift 会自动做一些东西 1399 01:11:32,722 --> 01:11:36,256 For example, if I make my raw value type which I specify by +例如，如果我按刚才所说的方式指定我的原始值类型 1400 01:11:36,325 --> 01:11:40,294 just saying, colon type, after enum, by making being int then +冒号，枚举后面，让它变成 int 类型之后 1401 01:11:40,363 --> 01:11:43,831 it will automatically make this one's raw value be 0. +它将会自动让第一个值为 0 1402 01:11:43,899 --> 01:11:47,168 And it's gonna make this one's raw value be 1, etc. +接下来下个默认值就是 1,等等 1403 01:11:47,237 --> 01:11:50,838 Okay, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. So, it just goes in order, +1，2，3，4，5。它只是按顺序排列 1404 01:11:50,907 --> 01:11:54,375 the lexical order which appears in the file. You can +按照在文件中出现的词序。你可以 1405 01:11:54,443 --> 01:11:57,411 also make your raw value be a string, for example. +让默认值是字符串类型，例如 1406 01:11:57,480 --> 01:12:00,447 And if I do that, Swift will automatically make this one be +如果我这么做，Swift 将会自动让它变成 1407 01:12:00,516 --> 01:12:03,684 spades, this one will be hearts, this will be diamonds. +"spades",另一个是 "hearts",这个是 "diamonds" 1408 01:12:03,753 --> 01:12:06,753 Another words, it makes the raw value be A string version +换句话说，它们把每一个 case 的值变为字符串的版本 1409 01:12:06,822 --> 01:12:10,090 of the case. Now, why would you ever want raw values? +现在，为什么你想要默认值呢？ 1410 01:12:10,159 --> 01:12:13,461 Well, to be honest, I think a lot of the raw values support +说实话，我认为大量的默认值是 1411 01:12:13,530 --> 01:12:16,730 backwards compatibility because in Objective-C enums +为了向下兼容 Objective-C 的枚举的 1412 01:12:16,799 --> 01:12:19,600 were essentially ints, right? Zero, one, two, three, four, +基础的整数类型，对吗？0，1，2，3，4 1413 01:12:19,669 --> 01:12:22,636 five. So raw values it's like raw value int. But +5。因此默认值大部分是整数类型。但是 1414 01:12:22,705 --> 01:12:25,740 you could imagine, it might be interesting if there is some +你可以想象，这可能是有趣的如果一些 1415 01:12:25,808 --> 01:12:28,776 piece of data that it makes sense to associate with all +数据与所有的 case 进行关联 1416 01:12:28,845 --> 01:12:32,279 the cases. And again it has to be fixed, and constant, and +它可能是固定的，一个常量，独一无二的 1417 01:12:32,348 --> 01:12:35,249 unique. For all the cases but still you could imagine that. +所有的 case 你都可以进行想象 1418 01:12:35,317 --> 01:12:42,089 For example, I kinda saw that maybe this suit raw, +例如，我能看到花色的值 1419 01:12:42,158 --> 01:12:45,660 this might be a good one. If I made the raw value be string, +这是一个比较好的方式。如果我把默认值类型设置为字符串类型 1420 01:12:45,728 --> 01:12:48,262 maybe having the Unicode character that represents +也许有代表花色的 Unicode 字符 1421 01:12:48,331 --> 01:12:51,699 the suit. Kind of be associated with every case, +任何与它关联的case 1422 01:12:51,767 --> 01:12:54,602 might be valuable. Now, how can you use raw value? +值都是有意义的。现在，我们怎么使用默认值呢？ 1423 01:12:54,671 --> 01:12:57,971 Two ways, one, you can create a suit by providing the raw +两种方式，第一个，你可以通过默认值创建一个花色 1424 01:12:58,040 --> 01:13:01,308 value. And it looks just like an initializer on suits, +看起来就像是初始化一样 1425 01:13:01,377 --> 01:13:04,678 suit open parenthesis raw value, that's how you do it. +大括号里面是默认值，你就这么做 1426 01:13:04,747 --> 01:13:07,381 And you give it like a heart symbol there, and it will give +你在这里给它一个红心的符号，他就给你返回一个红心 1427 01:13:07,450 --> 01:13:09,983 it back. Now that's a failable initializer cuz you might give +现在，这是一个失败的初始化因为你可能给了一个未知 1428 01:13:10,052 --> 01:13:14,254 it a string like x, that's not one of these four strings. And +的字符串，他不是这四个字符串中的一个 1429 01:13:14,323 --> 01:13:15,990 you can go the other way as well. +你也可以用另一种方法 + 1430 01:13:16,059 --> 01:13:18,992 You can, if you have a suit, like suit.spades, you can say, +你可以，如果你有一个花色，像是 suit.spades，你可以说 1431 01:13:19,061 --> 01:13:20,461 what is the raw value? And +默认值是什么？之后 1432 01:13:20,530 --> 01:13:23,530 you can get this string so that might be useful too. +你可以通过 suit.spades 得到字符串的值 1433 01:13:23,599 --> 01:13:26,067 We don't really care about that in this demo but +我们实际不关心它在示例中是什么样的 1434 01:13:26,135 --> 01:13:28,936 I just wanted to show you about this raw value business. +我仅仅是想要给你展示下默认值 1435 01:13:29,005 --> 01:13:31,639 All right, let's go down to Rank. Now, honestly, +让我们看看下面的牌面大小。现在，说实话 1436 01:13:31,707 --> 01:13:34,876 if I were doing Rank, it would look like this, case ace, +如果我来做，他将会看起来是这样，case ace, 1437 01:13:34,944 --> 01:13:39,447 case two, case three, all the way up to case jack, +case two，case three，一直到 J 1438 01:13:39,516 --> 01:13:43,350 case queen, case king. This is what now, +Q，K。现在就是这样 1439 01:13:43,419 --> 01:13:45,753 all the ones in between. That's what I would do. +还有中间的所有数。这就是我要做的 1440 01:13:45,821 --> 01:13:47,655 But I'm not gonna do it this way cuz I wanna +但是我并不想要这样做因为我想要 1441 01:13:47,724 --> 01:13:51,392 show you associated data. This is mostly for demo purposes, +向你们展示关联值。这主要是出于演示目的 1442 01:13:51,461 --> 01:13:53,494 I would probably just do it as these 13 things. +我可能会表示13个数 1443 01:13:53,562 --> 01:13:56,764 That was probably the best representation for a rank. But +这可能是对牌面大小最好的表示。但是 1444 01:13:56,833 --> 01:13:59,700 instead, I'm gonna do it with associated data and so +相反的，我将要用关联值来展示 1445 01:13:59,769 --> 01:14:01,936 I'm gonna have case ace, then I'm also +case ace，然后我会有 1446 01:14:02,005 --> 01:14:04,438 gonna have a case face, which is a face card. +case face，扑克牌是一个人头牌 1447 01:14:04,507 --> 01:14:06,974 And it's gonna have an associated value, +它有一个关联值 1448 01:14:07,043 --> 01:14:10,778 which is a string, which is either J, Q, or K. So there's +它是字符串类型，可能是 J，Q，K中的一个。这 1449 01:14:10,846 --> 01:14:13,881 gonna be a face card that's either jack, queen or king. +将会变成一个有 J，Q 和 K 的人头牌 1450 01:14:13,950 --> 01:14:15,349 Terrible representation, +多么糟糕的表示 1451 01:14:15,418 --> 01:14:18,151 at the very least this should be another enum, +这至少又是另一个枚举 1452 01:14:18,220 --> 01:14:20,754 not a string which can be anything. It's kinda silly, +并不是字符串可以表示任何东西。它看起来有点愚蠢 1453 01:14:20,823 --> 01:14:24,525 but anyway. And then I'm also gonna have case numeric, okay, +无论如何。我将要有一个 case numeric，好的 1454 01:14:24,594 --> 01:14:28,162 for 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. And it's gonna have, +有2，3，4，5，6，7，8，9，10。它们将都会有 1455 01:14:28,230 --> 01:14:30,931 of course, associated data int. Now, I could put in +当然，关联值是整数类型。现在 1456 01:14:30,999 --> 01:14:34,868 here like pips count, a pip by the way is one of these, +这里是点数，顺便说一下点数就是这几个中的一个 1457 01:14:34,937 --> 01:14:38,238 a pip on a card is just one of these things. So a numeric +扑克牌的点数就是这几个。一个带数字的卡片有 1458 01:14:38,307 --> 01:14:42,576 card has 2 pips on it, 2 has 2 pips, 3 has 3 pips and so on. +两个点在上面，2 有 2 个点，3 有三个点，等等 1459 01:14:42,645 --> 01:14:45,479 So I could put pipsCount here as documentation. But you know +所以我把 pipsCount 放在这里。 但是你知道吗 1460 01:14:45,547 --> 01:14:48,115 what, you actually don't wanna do that if it's completely +你其实不想这样做如果你 1461 01:14:48,183 --> 01:14:51,752 obvious what this would be. And if I had a numeric rank, +完全明白这是什么。如果 numeric 在 rank 中 1462 01:14:51,820 --> 01:14:54,521 it's completely obvious that this is the number, so I do +它显然是一个数字，所以我不需要这样做 1463 01:14:54,590 --> 01:14:57,624 not need that. Now, it's not very obvious what this is but +现在它是不明显的 1464 01:14:57,693 --> 01:15:00,193 as I already told you, this is a bad representation anyway. +但是我已经告诉你了，这是一个很糟糕的表示方式 1465 01:15:00,262 --> 01:15:01,562 But I just wanna show you what it looks like to +但是我想向你展示 1466 01:15:01,631 --> 01:15:04,164 get the associated data out of here and use it, etc. +获取关联值的方法跟使用它的方法，等等 1467 01:15:04,233 --> 01:15:07,667 For example, rank is an enum, it can have funcs, +例如，rank 是一个枚举，它可以有函数 1468 01:15:07,736 --> 01:15:11,872 I could have funcs and vars on here. So I'm gonna have a var +我可以在这创建函数跟变量。我将要 1469 01:15:11,940 --> 01:15:16,210 called order which is an int, which is gonna return the, +创建一个名为 order 的整数类型的变量，它是一个返回 1470 01:15:16,278 --> 01:15:19,780 which position the rank is in the order. So +它在 order 中返回牌的位置。因此 1471 01:15:19,848 --> 01:15:24,518 I'm gonna switch on myself and if I am an ace, I'm gonna +我创建一个 switch 并有了一个 ace，我返回 1472 01:15:24,587 --> 01:15:27,655 return 1 cuz that's the first, that's card number 1, +1 因为它是第一个，它的卡片数字是 1 1473 01:15:27,723 --> 01:15:32,960 right? If I am a numeric, then I'm going to get my +对吗？如果我有数字类型卡片，返回 1474 01:15:33,028 --> 01:15:37,831 number of pips. And I'm gonna return the number of pips. +点数。我会返回上面的点数 1475 01:15:37,900 --> 01:15:40,467 Cuz if I'm an numeric card, then however many pips I have, +如果我是带数字的扑克，我有很多的点数 1476 01:15:40,536 --> 01:15:43,904 that's my number. And then for face, +点数就是数字。对于人头牌 1477 01:15:43,973 --> 01:15:47,775 I'm gonna say case .face, and I'm gonna, whoops, +我要说下 case .face，我将要 1478 01:15:47,843 --> 01:15:53,113 get the kind, Q or J, or K. Now, I'v got the kind, +得到，Q 后者 J，或者 K。现在，我已经得到了 1479 01:15:53,182 --> 01:15:57,952 I guess I could say, I'm gonna go to the next line and +我想我可以这么说。我将会到下一行并且说 1480 01:15:58,021 --> 01:16:02,556 say, if the kind equals J, then return 11. And +如果是J类型，就返回 11 1481 01:16:02,624 --> 01:16:06,359 then I guess I could go else if the kind. Okay, but I'm, +我感觉我可以继续其他的类型。但是 1482 01:16:06,428 --> 01:16:09,362 this is getting terrible. This is gonna be ugly, awful code. +这看起来是糟糕的。它是丑陋的，可怕的代码 1483 01:16:09,431 --> 01:16:12,332 But turns out there's a lot better way to do all this +事实证明这里有个更好的方法来做这些事情 1484 01:16:12,401 --> 01:16:16,770 which is to go here and say. If it's face where I get +我们在这里将说一下这个方法。如果我得到了 1485 01:16:16,839 --> 01:16:23,677 the kind where kind equals J, then return 11. +人头牌 J，接着返回 11 1486 01:16:23,745 --> 01:16:26,613 So this stuff with switch is actually a pattern matching +所以 switch 是一个模式匹配 1487 01:16:26,682 --> 01:16:29,416 language, which you can go and learn about. +语言，你可以去了解一下 1488 01:16:29,485 --> 01:16:32,219 But one of the things it's able to do is where. +但是一些事情也可以用 where 来做 1489 01:16:32,288 --> 01:16:35,055 Where it can kind of narrow this down a little bit. +Where 可以把它缩小一点 1490 01:16:35,124 --> 01:16:39,794 So now I could do that for all three here, the Q and +现在我可以用这个方式用到这三行，Q 和 1491 01:16:39,862 --> 01:16:43,264 the king, and return. That's why you can see +K，返回。这就是原因 1492 01:16:43,332 --> 01:16:45,900 why I use this terrible string representations, so +为什么我用这么糟糕的代码，因为 1493 01:16:45,968 --> 01:16:48,969 I can show you where. Now, notice when I do this, +我想给你们展示下 where。现在，注意我这里的做法 1494 01:16:49,038 --> 01:16:52,105 I still get this complaint, switch must be exhaustive. +我看到了一个错误，switch 必须是详细的 1495 01:16:52,174 --> 01:16:54,341 And it's like, what? Look I do ace, I do numeric, +什么？我有 ace，有 numeric, 1496 01:16:54,410 --> 01:16:56,643 I do face, how come it's not exhaustive? +我有 face，我为什么不详细？ 1497 01:16:56,712 --> 01:16:58,545 Well, because where makes it so +因为 1498 01:16:58,614 --> 01:17:02,649 these are not counting every possible combination of where. +这里没有考虑到所有的组合 1499 01:17:02,718 --> 01:17:05,719 It could be, the kind could be something else. So, of course, +它可能，还有其他的情况。当然 1500 01:17:05,788 --> 01:17:08,121 I have to add here a default break, or +我需要添加一个默认的情况 1501 01:17:08,190 --> 01:17:10,624 actually I have to return something, so I'll return 0. +而且必须有一个返回值，因此我返回 0 1502 01:17:10,693 --> 01:17:13,994 This is also bad design. This probably wants to return nil, +这里照样是一个糟糕的设计。这里可能想要返回 nil 1503 01:17:14,063 --> 01:17:16,697 and this wants to be an optional. That would be better +可能想要成为一个可选的。那样可能是一个好的设计 1504 01:17:16,766 --> 01:17:19,233 design, I'm not gonna do it that way. But just so +我不会用哪种方法。但是仅仅 1505 01:17:19,302 --> 01:17:23,170 you know, that's bad. I could also have static vars here, +让你知道，这个是糟糕的。我可以在这里设置一个静态变量 1506 01:17:23,239 --> 01:17:26,740 maybe I have a static var, which is all the ranks which +或许我有一个静态变量，它储存了所有的牌面大小 1507 01:17:26,809 --> 01:17:30,510 returns an array of every single possible rank. +为每一个牌面返回一个数组 1508 01:17:30,579 --> 01:17:33,047 And I'm gonna have to kind of build that up cuz I have all +我必须建立起来因为我有一些 1509 01:17:33,115 --> 01:17:35,883 these weird data structure here. So I'll create something +奇怪的数据结构。我将要创建 1510 01:17:35,952 --> 01:17:40,955 called allRanks which could be a type array of ranks. And +被叫做 allRanks 的东西它是所有的牌面大小的数组 1511 01:17:41,023 --> 01:17:44,825 let's start it out with and ace, notice here by the way +让我们从 ace 开始，注意这顺便说一下 1512 01:17:44,893 --> 01:17:49,629 that I have to type this side here. It can't really +我必须把类型放这边。它不能 1513 01:17:49,698 --> 01:17:52,633 deduce this. If I took this away right here, let's get +推断出类型。如果我把它放到右边，让我们把这些 1514 01:17:52,701 --> 01:17:55,869 these other warnings off here, I'll return them allRanks. +警告去掉，我返回 allRanks 1515 01:17:55,938 --> 01:17:59,039 If I took this typing right here, this static typing away, +如果我把类型放到右边，它就是一个静态类型 1516 01:17:59,108 --> 01:18:01,975 I'm gonna get an error that it can't infer this type. +我们会得到的错误是不能推断出它的类型 1517 01:18:02,044 --> 01:18:05,012 And that's because there might be another enum that has +那是因为这里可能是其他的枚举拥有 1518 01:18:05,081 --> 01:18:07,381 a case of .ace. So how does it know the, +的 .ace。因此它知道吗 1519 01:18:07,450 --> 01:18:10,584 which array of enums this is? That's why it's saying type +这是哪一个枚举的数组？这就是为什么它说 1520 01:18:10,653 --> 01:18:13,187 expression is ambiguous without more context. So +没有更多的上下文表达式类型是模棱两可的 1521 01:18:13,255 --> 01:18:15,055 I can add more context by putting that type. +我可以把类型放到这添加更多的上下文 1522 01:18:15,124 --> 01:18:19,160 I could also say rank.ace, that would add more context. +我可以说 rank.ace，它将添加更多上下文 1523 01:18:19,228 --> 01:18:22,730 And now it knows it's an array of ranks. So +现在他知道了是牌面大小的数组 1524 01:18:22,798 --> 01:18:27,234 now let's also do for pips in 2...10, remember dot, dot, +让我们用 for 循环，记住点，点 1525 01:18:27,303 --> 01:18:31,105 dot without the less than means including the 10. And +点没有小于号意思是包括 10 1526 01:18:31,173 --> 01:18:35,976 now I can say, allRanks.append, Rank.numeric +现在我可以说，allRanks.append， Rank.numeric(pips) 1527 01:18:36,045 --> 01:18:40,748 with that pips. So now I've added all my numeric ones, and +我现在已经添加了所有的数字牌面 1528 01:18:40,817 --> 01:18:43,784 then maybe for the thing, face card ones I'll +下一步的事，人头牌 1529 01:18:43,853 --> 01:18:47,822 just say allRanks plus equals an array that has rank.face, +allRanks+=[Rank.face("J")] 1530 01:18:47,890 --> 01:18:53,627 where the kind is a J. And then I'll just copy and +接下来复制 1531 01:18:53,696 --> 01:18:58,999 paste, copy, oops, paste, copy, paste and +粘贴，逗号，粘贴复制，粘贴 1532 01:18:59,068 --> 01:19:03,536 we'll do the Q and the king. By the way, if I do this, +来添加 QK 。顺便说一下，如果我这么做 1533 01:19:03,605 --> 01:19:06,440 I only really need to put this Rank dot on the first one and +我必须将 Rank. 放到第一个位置并且 1534 01:19:06,509 --> 01:19:10,478 it can infer the rest of them. +剩下的可以推断出来 1535 01:19:12,047 --> 01:19:16,049 Dots though means dots. So I don't need rank dot, because +点的意思是点。我不需要 rank.，因为 1536 01:19:16,118 --> 01:19:18,852 it figured out pretty quick this is an array of ranks. +它很快发现这是一个牌面大小数组 1537 01:19:18,920 --> 01:19:23,590 These are all ranks, so it works. I could do the same all +这是所有的牌面大小，它可以了。我将会做以相同的事情 1538 01:19:23,659 --> 01:19:26,693 thing up here by the way, too. I could have a static var all. +创建一个 all 在这。创建一个静态变量 all 1539 01:19:26,762 --> 01:19:29,163 I make it static because I'm getting all of them here. +我让它为静态的原因是我想要得到所有的 1540 01:19:29,232 --> 01:19:30,764 I'm not talking about a specific one so +我不会讨论某一个具体的花色 1541 01:19:30,832 --> 01:19:32,900 I want them all. So this would be, +因此我想要的是全部。这将会 1542 01:19:32,969 --> 01:19:37,037 we'll do the same thing here. A rank of suit.spades, +我们这这里做相同的事情。suit.spades 1543 01:19:37,106 --> 01:19:42,042 .hearts, .diamonds, and .clubs, +.hearts，.diamonds，和 .clubs 1544 01:19:42,110 --> 01:19:46,646 oops, hello .clubs. So this is kind of nice to have +这就是静态变量的好处 1545 01:19:46,715 --> 01:19:49,416 this static bar which gives me all the suits, all the ranks. +它可以给我所有的花色，所有的牌面大小 1546 01:19:49,484 --> 01:19:52,586 That's gonna make it a lot easier actually to create our +用这种方法非常简单来创建 1547 01:19:52,655 --> 01:19:55,989 playing card deck so let's do that. So we've got this nice +一副扑克牌因此让我们这么做。我们已经得到一个好的 1548 01:19:56,058 --> 01:19:58,492 representation, not so nice, but somewhat nice, +表示方式，不是非常好，但是部分挺好的 1549 01:19:58,561 --> 01:20:01,361 representation of a playing card. Let's go ahead and +在 playing card 游戏中。让我们继续 1550 01:20:01,430 --> 01:20:06,099 make a deck, so I'm gonna make a New File. A new thing +做下去，我创建一个新的文件 1551 01:20:06,168 --> 01:20:10,737 here it's gonna be a PlayingCardDeck. +名字是 PlayingCardDeck 1552 01:20:10,806 --> 01:20:15,075 Here it is, struct also no reason for not to be +在这里，结构体来表示 1553 01:20:15,143 --> 01:20:19,713 PlayingCardDeck. And, what do I wanna playing card deck. +PlayingCardDeck。创建扑克牌还有什么呢 1554 01:20:19,782 --> 01:20:21,982 Well, of course I'm gonna need a var which is +当然我需要一个 cards 1555 01:20:22,051 --> 01:20:24,818 the cards in the deck. Right, so +的变量在 deck 中 1556 01:20:24,887 --> 01:20:28,322 I'm just gonna make that V an array of playing card, +我让它为 cards = [PlayingCard]() 1557 01:20:29,791 --> 01:20:35,062 probably want this to be private set. Okay, +或许设置它为 private(set)。好 1558 01:20:35,130 --> 01:20:37,931 where I control the cards because it's gonna be start up +这里我这样控制的原因是一副牌是 1559 01:20:38,000 --> 01:20:41,168 being a full deck. And then I probably want some function, +游戏的开始。我需要一个函数 1560 01:20:41,237 --> 01:20:45,271 like draw which grabs a PlayingCard out of there. So +就像 draw 它返回一个 PlayingCard 1561 01:20:45,340 --> 01:20:48,341 that's how you take a playing card out of the deck. So +怎么返回一个 PlayingCard 呢 1562 01:20:48,410 --> 01:20:51,712 how would I implement drawing the card out of there? Well, +我们如何实现 draw 这个方法呢？ 1563 01:20:51,781 --> 01:20:54,548 I'm just gonna say, let's see what I remember, +我刚才说了，让我看看 1564 01:20:54,616 --> 01:20:58,252 I think I used something from Concentration to do this. +我可以用 Concentration 中的一些东西 1565 01:20:58,321 --> 01:21:00,420 Check I did. Yeah, I did. Okay, so here, +我检查下，我找到了，好，就是这 1566 01:21:00,489 --> 01:21:04,024 I'm just gonna see if I have any cards. +如果我有一些扑克 1567 01:21:04,093 --> 01:21:09,029 Then I'm going to return cards.remove at: hover many +我返回 cards.remove(at:cards.count.arc4random) 1568 01:21:09,097 --> 01:21:13,667 @@ -7473,414 +7842,517 @@ cards I have .count.arc4random. So, 1569 01:21:13,736 --> 01:21:18,939 I need to go over to Concentration. +我需要到 Concentration 1570 01:21:19,007 --> 01:21:21,342 Here's concentration down at the bottom here. +滑到 concentration 底部 1571 01:21:21,410 --> 01:21:23,944 We have arc4random. So I'm just gonna grab that out +我有一个 arc4random。我在这里抓住 1572 01:21:24,013 --> 01:21:28,648 of here. Put that in here, so I can use arc4random there, +它。把它放到这，我现在可以使用了 1573 01:21:28,717 --> 01:21:33,286 if I don't have any cards left then I'm gonna return nil, so +如果 cards 没有内容返回 nil 1574 01:21:33,355 --> 01:21:36,056 I better make this draw our return an optional playing +我最好让这个 draw 的返回值时可选的 1575 01:21:36,124 --> 01:21:39,426 card. Okay, so that way people can't add more +好，用这种方法人们就不能添加卡片 1576 01:21:39,495 --> 01:21:41,795 cards to my deck I just start out with a full deck. +到我的牌组中我仅仅是从我的牌组开始 1577 01:21:41,864 --> 01:21:44,031 Okay, I get start out with a full deck so +我是从一副牌组开始的因此 1578 01:21:44,099 --> 01:21:47,200 I better have an init that does that, init is really easy +我最好用一个初始化方法来实现，初始化方法非常简单 1579 01:21:47,269 --> 01:21:50,604 to write given our nice plain card structure, sorry, +就可以写到 card 结构体重，对不起 1580 01:21:50,673 --> 01:21:54,041 this warning here, cannot use mutating member on immutable +这有个警告，不能使用可修改的成员在不可修改的方法中 1581 01:21:54,110 --> 01:21:57,377 thing, everybody knows why that is. This is a struct, +每个人知道这是什么意思。这是个结构体 1582 01:21:57,446 --> 01:22:00,780 it's a value type, this mutated by removing a card, +一个值类型，删除方法导致了修改 1583 01:22:00,849 --> 01:22:03,817 so we have to say this is a mutating mark, +我们加个可以修改的标记 1584 01:22:03,886 --> 01:22:07,187 another good example doing that. All right, so +之前有过这样的例子。好的 1585 01:22:07,256 --> 01:22:10,991 here I'm just gonna go through all my suits for +我将要遍历 suit，suit for Suit.all 1586 01:22:11,059 --> 01:22:15,462 suit in Suit.all, and for rank in Rank.all, okay, +rank for Rank.all，好 1587 01:22:15,531 --> 01:22:19,833 then now all these alls that we did, but of course look +这就是我们将要做的所有东西，但是看看 1588 01:22:19,902 --> 01:22:24,505 where I put suit, if you look at PlayingCard over here, I +suit 的位置，在 PlayingCard 的这里，把 suit 放到了 1589 01:22:24,573 --> 01:22:28,508 put suit inside Playingcards. See I declared it inside, +Playingcards 里面。可以看到我在里面声明 1590 01:22:28,577 --> 01:22:32,379 so Swift allows you to nest types, put types in other +Swift 允许嵌套类型，把类型放到 1591 01:22:32,447 --> 01:22:35,048 side. Which makes perfect sense here, because Suit +一边。它在这里很有意义，因为 Suit 1592 01:22:35,117 --> 01:22:37,884 only makes sense in the context of the PlayingCards, +只有在 PlayingCards 的环境中才有意义 1593 01:22:37,953 --> 01:22:41,187 it just makes perfect sense. But it does change the name of +它非常有意义。但是也改变了 1594 01:22:41,256 --> 01:22:44,324 the Suit, it's no longer called suit, +Suit 的命名，不再为 suit 1595 01:22:44,393 --> 01:22:49,563 it's called PlayingCard.Suit. Playing Card.Suit and +是 PlayingCard.Suit。PlayingCard.Suit 喝 1596 01:22:49,631 --> 01:22:55,668 this is PlayingCard.Rank, PlayingCard.Rank. +PlayingCard.Rank，PlayingCard.Rank 1597 01:22:55,737 --> 01:22:57,838 So nesting just changes the names of things and +嵌套仅仅改变了名字并且 1598 01:22:57,907 --> 01:22:59,572 the accessibility can do private and +访问也可以是 private 而且 1599 01:22:59,641 --> 01:23:02,742 stuff like that you might not be able to see it. So now that +你可能无法看见他 1600 01:23:02,811 --> 01:23:07,214 I have that I can just have my cards append a playing card, +cards.append(PlayingCard) 1601 01:23:07,283 --> 01:23:10,617 now PlayingCard since it is a struct is going to get this +PlayingCard 它是个结构体它会自动获取 1602 01:23:10,686 --> 01:23:13,820 automatic initializer, you see it right there, so +初始化方法，你可以看见 1603 01:23:13,889 --> 01:23:16,823 I'll double click on this to get that. And +我双击来得到它 1604 01:23:16,892 --> 01:23:20,460 the Suit is just gonna be the Suit that I'm for in-ing and +Suit 是循环中的 suit 并且 1605 01:23:20,529 --> 01:23:22,196 the rank is the rank I'm for in-ing. +rank 是循环中的 rank 1606 01:23:22,264 --> 01:23:25,732 So now you can also see the nice context here and +现在你可以看到一个不错的上下文和 1607 01:23:25,800 --> 01:23:27,167 the nice syntax of for +不错的语法 1608 01:23:27,235 --> 01:23:30,904 in when this is an array. These are arrays. +在数组循环中。这就是数组 1609 01:23:30,973 --> 01:23:33,206 We're just going through each element of the array, right. +它将会遍历数组中的每一个元素 1610 01:23:33,275 --> 01:23:35,041 Remember that these are arrays right here? See, +在这里记住这个数组了吗？看 1611 01:23:35,110 --> 01:23:39,646 this is an array for Suits. This is an array that we made +这是一个 Suits 数组。这是我们创建的 1612 01:23:39,715 --> 01:23:44,218 for Ranks. All right. So that's it. Now, last thing I'm +Ranks 数组。现在，最后我要做的是 1613 01:23:44,286 --> 01:23:46,953 gonna do here is just print out some cards in my deck to +打印一些扑克牌信息 1614 01:23:47,022 --> 01:23:50,057 make sure it's working. Kind of a cool place to put testing +来确定代码可以使用。有一个很酷的地方放测试 1615 01:23:50,125 --> 01:23:52,759 code is back in your View Controller. Okay, if you look +代码那就是 View Controller。好，你看到 1616 01:23:52,827 --> 01:23:54,828 at your View Controller you got this two frame methods. +你的 View Controller 有两个视图的方法 1617 01:23:54,897 --> 01:23:55,662 I'm gonna get rid of that one. +我去掉其中一个 1618 01:23:55,730 --> 01:23:58,031 But I'm gonna keep this one which was mentioned in your +我们保留在家庭作业中提到的这一个 1619 01:23:58,100 --> 01:24:01,468 homework. This is, viewDidLoad is a great place to like +这是，viewDidLoad 是一个好地方来 1620 01:24:01,537 --> 01:24:02,869 initialize your View Controller. And +初始化你的 View Controller 1621 01:24:02,938 --> 01:24:05,906 also just put like debugging code, checking things out, +也可以放一些调试代码，检测代码 1622 01:24:05,974 --> 01:24:08,341 things like that. So, here I could do for example, +就像这个一样，这里我展示一个示例 1623 01:24:08,410 --> 01:24:10,810 let's just print out 10 random cards. I'm gonna say for +让我们打印随机的 10 张扑克。这里用 1624 01:24:10,879 --> 01:24:13,313 under bar, cuz I really didn't care about the index, +下划线，因为我不关系它的索引值 1625 01:24:13,381 --> 01:24:19,152 in 1...10 cuz I want 10 cards. I'm just going to let card +用 1...10 因为我想要 10 张扑克。我想要 1626 01:24:19,221 --> 01:24:23,290 equal a playing card deck, so I need a playing card deck, +card = playing card，因此我需要一个 playing card 1627 01:24:23,359 --> 01:24:27,861 var deck = PlayingCardDeck. So I'm just +var deck = PlayingCardDeck。所以 1628 01:24:27,930 --> 01:24:33,233 gonna let the card = deck.draw. +let the card = deck.draw 1629 01:24:34,703 --> 01:24:38,271 Now, this is going to be an optional playing card right +现在，playing card 是可选的 1630 01:24:38,340 --> 01:24:40,840 here, right? Optional playing card because the deck might be +对吗？可选的 playing card 是因为一副扑克牌可能是空的 1631 01:24:40,909 --> 01:24:43,643 empty, so let's go and say if let, although I probably could +让我们改成 let，尽管如此我可能 1632 01:24:43,712 --> 01:24:45,912 put exclamation point cuz I'm only grabbing 10 cards. +直接放一个感叹号因为我们就只有 10 张牌 1633 01:24:45,981 --> 01:24:48,982 I know there's 52 cards in a deck, but we'll do if. And +我知道一副牌有 52 张，但是我还是要这么做 1634 01:24:49,051 --> 01:24:52,219 now I'm just gonna print this card out. And +我仅仅是打印这些扑克牌 1635 01:24:52,287 --> 01:24:56,089 I can print a card by using this backslash parenthesis. +我可以通过反斜杠括号来打印扑克牌 1636 01:24:56,158 --> 01:25:00,093 Swift knows how to print out things that have, +Swift 知道如何打印 1637 01:25:00,162 --> 01:25:02,128 we'll see what it tries to print out when we, +我们将要看到运行的时候代码尝试打印什么 1638 01:25:02,197 --> 01:25:05,666 when we do this here. So let's try that and see what happens. +我们这样做。让我们看看会发生什么 1639 01:25:05,734 --> 01:25:08,301 So I have no UI's, so this could be a blank UI but +我没有 UI，它可能是空白的但是 1640 01:25:08,370 --> 01:25:11,371 it's gonna print this stuff out on my console so I really +它将会在控制台上打印东西因此 1641 01:25:11,440 --> 01:25:16,276 only need to just look at my console here, Right, so +我只需要看着控制台 1642 01:25:16,344 --> 01:25:20,580 there's my thing here, so here it is printing it out,and +这就是我的东西，这就是打印的东西 1643 01:25:20,649 --> 01:25:25,452 it prints out 10 random cards, kind, ugly looking right here, +它随机打印了 10 张扑克，这看起来有点丑 1644 01:25:25,521 --> 01:25:29,223 it prints out all the vars and etc. One thing that's really +它打印了各种变量信息等等。有一件事情很酷 1645 01:25:29,291 --> 01:25:32,358 cool that I don't have time to show unfortunately, +但是不幸的是我们没有时间展示 1646 01:25:32,427 --> 01:25:35,662 cuz we've already gone over but I'll just mention it, +因为我们将要结束这堂课了但是我会提到它 1647 01:25:35,731 --> 01:25:38,632 is that you can make it so that something prints out +你可以让让它打印的好看一点 1648 01:25:38,700 --> 01:25:41,401 really nice when it's got that parenthesis, +当有括号 1649 01:25:41,469 --> 01:25:44,937 backslash parenthesis, by making it implement the custom +反斜杠括号的时候，实现一个字符串 1650 01:25:45,006 --> 01:25:48,741 string convertible protocol. So if we made playing card +转换协议。如果我们让 playing card 实现 1651 01:25:48,810 --> 01:25:51,478 implement custom string protocol, +自定义协议 1652 01:25:51,547 --> 01:25:54,848 the only thing that's in that if we do fix it, +还有件事就是要修复它 1653 01:25:54,916 --> 01:25:58,585 we'll see what it is, is this var description and +我们看看这是什么，是变量的描述 1654 01:25:58,654 --> 01:26:02,489 you can return, like here I could return for example +和你能够返回的东西，我可以返回一个花色与 1655 01:26:02,558 --> 01:26:06,559 a combination of the Rank and the Suit, and then I can go +牌面大小结合的值，我也可以 1656 01:26:06,628 --> 01:26:11,231 make custom string convertible for Rank and Suit down here. +自定义花色跟牌面大小转换的字符串 1657 01:26:12,734 --> 01:26:18,104 Comma CustomStringConvertible. Implement the description in +在这里实现。实现 description 在这里 1658 01:26:18,173 --> 01:26:23,309 there as well. Okay, which I'm trying to do, so +好，这就是我要做的 1659 01:26:23,378 --> 01:26:27,447 we will go here, we will put description, we will go here, +我们到这里，放置 description，到那里 1660 01:26:27,515 --> 01:26:31,518 we will put the description, and we would implement these +放置 description，我们将实现这两个 1661 01:26:31,586 --> 01:26:35,989 two vars, and then when we print out, it would print this +变量，然后我们打印他，它将打印一个拼接的 1662 01:26:36,057 --> 01:26:39,392 nice string with two nice strings with that. +好看的字符串 1663 01:26:39,461 --> 01:26:42,128 Now, we wouldn't get all that really verbose printing out. +现在，我们不会得到冗余的打印 1664 01:26:42,197 --> 01:26:45,398 So CustomStringConvertible is a nice protocol to implement +CustomStringConvertible 是一个不错的协议来实现 1665 01:26:45,467 --> 01:26:49,902 if you want things to print nice in the console. Okay, so +你想要控制台打印的一些好的东西。好的 1666 01:26:49,971 --> 01:26:52,105 that's it. I will see you on Wednesday. +这就是。我们将周三见 1667 01:26:52,173 --> 01:26:56,009 We will dive into doing the M or the V and C part, +我将做 M 或者 V 还有 C 部分 1668 01:26:56,078 --> 01:26:57,311 which is to draw a playing card. +来画扑克牌 1669 01:26:57,379 --> 01:26:58,678 And we'll learn all of that custom views and +我们将学更多的自定义视图 1670 01:26:58,747 --> 01:27:01,881 all that, I know there is more to touch after that. +之后还有 touch 的内容 1671 01:27:01,950 --> 01:27:03,616 See you then. >> For +下次再见 1672 01:27:03,685 --> 01:27:13,092